New Cleveland Clinic research offers key insights on improving flu vaccine design and varying options for older and younger adults.

Led by Dr. Ted Ross, the research team found that while four different inactivated influenza vaccines all triggered immune responses, deeper immune profiling showed that the high-dose vaccine (FHD) was more effective in older adults and the cell-based vaccine (FCEL) stood out in younger adults.

The study underscores the importance of going beyond antibody levels when evaluating flu vaccines. By analyzing cellular immune responses—which are critical for long-lasting immunity—scientists can design next-generation vaccines that offer better protection, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly.

“While flu vaccines are typically evaluated based on their ability to produce antibodies, high antibody levels alone don’t guarantee full protection,” said Ross, global director of vaccine development at Cleveland Clinic. “By understanding how vaccines activate cellular immunity, scientists can design next-generation flu vaccines that offer enhanced protection, particularly for high-risk groups like the elderly.”

Published in the Journal of Immunology, the findings could pave the way for more effective flu vaccines tailored to meet the needs of different age groups.

Source: Cleveland Clinic