One of the widely recommended but deceptively difficult strategies for improvement is hand hygiene compliance. While it plays a significant role in breaking the chain of infection, hand hygiene is a venerated strategy that can sometimes be protected from scrutiny as to whether certain precepts still make sense for evolving real-world conditions and challenges in the healthcare environment. We look at how the WHO's Five Moments for Hand Hygiene is being questioned by experts who say it may be time for a new paradigm. We also look at the gaps in hand hygiene science. To access the issue, CLICK HERE.